在間島日本領事館と朝鮮総督府 : ｢間島共産党事件」をめぐる協力と対立

Abstract

朝鮮の独立運動，共産主義運動が盛んな間島に置かれた領事館警察は，日本の外務省警察組織の中でも最大規模のものだった。朝鮮人の運動を取り締まるため，在間島の領事館警察と朝 鮮総督府司法当局とは，協力して朝鮮人活動家らを逮捕・裁判・投獄する仕組みをつくった。 間島の領事館警察が逮捕し，朝鮮の裁判所に被告を送るというシステムである。 このシステムによって処理された最大の事件が，1925年から1932年まで5回にわたる間島共産党事件であった。領事館警察と朝鮮総督府は，被疑者が多数に上ると，取り調べや司法処理 の方法，拘禁場所の確保などをめぐって，意見の食い違いを見せた。さらには，中国共産党に加入した朝鮮人への治安維持法適用の可否をめぐっても，両者は対立することになった。その ため，5回の間島共産党事件で間島領事館から朝鮮の京城に移送された767名のうち344名 (45%) が不起訴，免訴，無罪となった。 治安維持法適用問題に関しては，朝鮮総督府の司法当局が間島領事館の見解に合わせて，中国共産党員にも同法を適用するという拡大解釈をしたため，間島と朝鮮の当局の見解が一致することになったが，事件の処理をめぐる両者の対立，軋轢は解決しなかった。1932 年日本は満洲国を樹立し軍事支配を強めたが，それに対応する形で間島の領事館は，間島と朝鮮との間の司法共助システムを変更した。それは，被疑者を朝鮮総督府に移送せず，間島で予審にかけることとし，間島に近い清津地方法院の裁判に送る一方，共産党員を検挙時に殺害するという方 策であった。

The consular police stationed in Jiandao, where the Korean Independence movement and Korean communist movement were quite vigorous, operated on a scale grander than any other part of Japan's Foreign Ministry police system. In order to control these Korean movements, the judicial authorities of the Japanese Government-General in Korea and the Japanese consulate in Jiandao created collaborative arrangements for the arrest, prosecution and detention of Korean activists. It was a system in which defendants were sent to courts in Korea after the Jiandao consular police had made their arrest. The most significant affairs to be processed by this system were the five distinct Jiandao communist party incidents between 1925 and 1932. In dealing with such a large number of suspects, the consular police and the Government-General revealed their differing opinions on matters such as methods of investigation and judicial administration as well as effective maintenance of detention centers. In addition, the two sides came into conflict over the propriety of applying the Peace Preservation Law to Koreans who had joined the Chinese Communist Party. For that reason, of the 767 suspects sent to Keijō (Seoul) by the Jiandao consulate in connection with the five Jiandao Communist Party incidents, 344 of them (45%) went unindicted, were acquitted or were found innocent. Concerning the problem of Peace Preservation Law application, in order to develop a broad interpretation that would allow its use against members of the Chinese Communist Party, Government-General judicial officials accepted the opinion of the Jiandao consulate and thus the views of Japanese authorities in Korea and Jiandao came into agreement. In managing these incidents, however, the conflict and discord between the two sides was in fact not resolved. In 1932, Japan strengthened its military control with the establishment of Manshūkoku, and the Japanese consulate in Jiandao modified the system of cooperative judicial administration between Jiandao and Korea in response to that development. Namely, without sending suspects to the Government-General, preliminary proceedings were held in Jiandao and suspects were sent directly to a court in the Ch'ongjin region for trial, and in other cases many of Communist Party members were murdered upon their arrest.