使者の越えた「境界」 : 秦漢統一國家體制形成の一こま

Abstract

In this paper the author attempts to examine the concrete process of the formation of the unified state during the reign of Emperor Wu on the basis of recent study trends. First, he analyzes the controversy over one of the "principles of the Spring and Autumn Annals" that "an envoy can act according to his own judgment after he has crossed the border, " which is seen in the biography of Zhong Jun in part 2 of volume 64 of the Hanshu, taking it as a clue in the examination of the nature of "internal borders, " at that time. As a result of this examination, one sees that the unified rule of the Qin and early Former Han era firmly survived in that the conflict between Guanzhong and the eastern areas succeeded the relation between the Qin state and the eastern states in the Warring States period and the former ruled the latter, but on the other hand, such regional strains and difference became relativized and a state of mutual unification also clearly progressed. Secondly, the author examines the cases of inspection of commanderies and kingdoms by academicians from the Yuanshou to the Yuanding era (during the 110's BCE), which lay behind the controversy, and concretely clarifies the confused state that confronted the Han dynasty at that time. Furthermore, one can thereby learn concrete aspects of the formation of the unified state that resulted from the unification process that had advanced in this state of confusion, which was due to various problems of the entire region that were created when the Han dynasty, whose original power base had been the Guanzhong area, faced the process of the regular incorporation of the eastern regions, or may have been due to the regularization and increasing scale of aggressive intervention in the eastern regions (included in the responses to these problems) before a framework to deal with the problems could be established. In the historical situation of this period, the structure of conflict between regions gradually became relativized and the unified state was established.