モンゴル国ゴビ遊牧地域における搾乳技術(<特集>雲南およびその周辺)

Abstract

Milking methods in the Mongolian Gobi-nomadic area are described and are classified into four groups according to purpose : to prevent nursing, to return the grazing livestock to camp sites, to domesticate livestock for milking in a narrow sense, and milking in a narrow sense. Generally, these four groups of milking methods can also be find in other nomadic areas such as North Africa and Southwest Asia. Several individual methods in these areas can be explained from the results in the survey area by variations in species and number of milking livestock, seasons and periods of milking and so on. On the other hand, in the case of cattle and camels, training young livestock to return to each camp site is characteristic of the milking method in the survey area. This characteristic is the result of a grazing system that is highly labor-saving, because it is not necessary for nomads to lead their herds to and from the grazing land.