唐代乾陵陵寢制度的初歩探討

Abstract

Qianling Mausoleum is the joint tomb Gao Zong (Li Zhi, 628 - 683 A. D.), the third emperor of the Tang Dynasty and his Empress Consort, Wu Zetian (624 - 705 A. D.), the only empress in the Chinese history. The tomb is another imperial tomb that was built on "a natural mountain" after the Zhaoling Mausoleum of Tai Zong (Li Shimin) of the Tang Dynasty, which was built on the Jiujunshan Mountain. Therefore, it is of great academic significance to study on the structure of the tomb chamber of the Qianling Mausoleum from archaeological perspectives. There have been a lot of meaningful studies and guesses about it in the academic circle without a consensus. These views can be summed up in three points: 1. The tomb has "double chambers, the antechamber and the rear chamber". 2. The tomb has "three chambers, the antechamber, the middle and the rear chambers". 3. The tomb has "four chambers, the antechamber, the rear, the left, and the right chambers". If we say the structure of the Qianling Mausoleum imitates the palace city and the imperial city of the Chan'an City in the Sui and Tang dynasties, we think "the long sloping tomb passage" of the tomb represents "the Scarlet Bird Street" of the Chang'an City, and "the antechamber" of the tomb symbolizes "the Imperial City" of the Chang'an City, whereas "the Sui and Tang dynasties. Thus we firmly hold the view that the Qianling Mausoleum has "double chambers, the antechamber and the rear chambers", rather than three or four chambers. It is worth emphasis that the excavated tombs of Prince Yi De and Princess Yong Tai, large-sized toms that have been called "mausoleums", both have the structure of "double chambers, the antechamber and the rear chamber". Therefore, we think the Qianling Mausoleum should also have "double chambers", much larger than the tomb chambers of Prince Yi De and Princess Yong Tai.