<研究ノート>サライはどこに？ --ジョチ・ウルスの「首都」サライをめぐる近年の研究動向によせて--

Abstract

Regarding Sarai --the “capital” of the Jochid Ulus (Golden Horde) and the “metropolis of the Qipchaq Steppe”-- it is the established theory that Old Sarai was located at the Selitrennoe site on the Akhtuba river, a tributary of the Volga, and New Sarai-the Tsarevskoe site on the Akhtuba likewise. However, new theories that disagree with this have emerged: these theories claim that there was only one Sarai (Selitrennoe)，or that New Sarai was the Selitrennoe and Old Sarai was located at different places. First, I examine these new theories using some materials (including Fra Mauro's World Map, and so on)，and show that, indeed, there may have been two Sarais, Old and New. Next, I argue the following possibilities: the lower Volga basin between Sarai and Ukek was the “capital region” of the early Jochid Ulus; Saraijuq has been discussed as being the khans' “burial grounds (qoruq)”, however, from archaeological surveys and the “table of dynasty (jadwal)” in the Paris manuscript of Muntakhab al-Tawārīkh-i Mu‘īnī, Sarai (and its suburbs) also assumed that role.