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タイトル: | Challenges to Accurate Estimation of Methane Emission from Septic Tanks with Long Emptying Intervals |
著者: | Moonkawin, Jakpong Huynh, Loi T. Schneider, Mariane Y. Fujii, Shigeo Echigo, Shinya Nguyen, Lien P. H. Hoang, Thu-Huong T. Huynh, Hai T. Harada, Hidenori https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7685-7751 (unconfirmed) |
著者名の別形: | 藤井, 滋穂 越後, 信哉 原田, 英典 |
キーワード: | septic tanks long emptying intervals methane emission pollutant removal on-site sanitation greenhouse gas climate change mitigation |
発行日: | 31-Oct-2023 |
出版者: | American Chemical Society (ACS) |
誌名: | Environmental Science & Technology |
巻: | 57 |
号: | 43 |
開始ページ: | 16575 |
終了ページ: | 16584 |
抄録: | Septic tanks in low- and middle-income countries are often not emptied for a long time, potentially resulting in poor pollutant removal efficiency and increased greenhouse gas emissions, including methane (CH₄). We examined the impact of long emptying intervals (4.0–23 years) on the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) removal efficiency of 15 blackwater septic tanks and the CH₄ emission rates of 23 blackwater septic tanks in Hanoi. The average BOD removal efficiency was 37% (−2–65%), and the average CH₄ emission rate was 10.9 (2.2–26.8) g/(cap·d). The emptying intervals were strongly negatively correlated with BOD removal efficiency (R = −0.676, p = 0.006) and positively correlated with CH₄ emission rates (R = 0.614, p = 0.001). CH₄ emission rates were positively correlated with sludge depth (R = 0.596, p = 0.002), but against expectation, negatively correlated with BOD removal efficiency (R = −0.219, p = 0.451). These results suggest that shortening the emptying interval improves the BOD removal efficiency and reduces the CH₄ emission rate. Moreover, the CH₄ emission estimation of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which is a positive conversion of BOD removal, might be inaccurate for septic tanks with long emptying intervals. Our findings suggest that emptying intervals, sludge depth, and per-capita emission factors reflecting long emptying intervals are potential parameters for accurately estimating CH₄ emissions from septic tanks. |
著作権等: | Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society. This publication is licensed under CC-BY 4.0. |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/2433/286947 |
DOI(出版社版): | 10.1021/acs.est.3c05724 |
PubMed ID: | 37856469 |
出現コレクション: | 学術雑誌掲載論文等 |
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