DSpace コレクション: 1997-111997-11http://hdl.handle.net/2433/679352024-03-28T08:11:20Z2024-03-28T08:11:20ZThe Changing Farming Environment in Tanzania: The Case of Selected Villages in KilimanjaroBEE, Faustine K.NGAILO, Legnard N.YOSHIDA, Masaohttp://hdl.handle.net/2433/681552023-01-29T08:29:53Z1997-11-01T00:00:00Zタイトル: The Changing Farming Environment in Tanzania: The Case of Selected Villages in Kilimanjaro
著者: BEE, Faustine K.; NGAILO, Legnard N.; YOSHIDA, Masao
抄録: This study examines the changing farming environment among the small-holder farmers in Tanzania under the ongoing world-wide economic reform measures. Various economic reform measures being implemented have far-reaching effects on farming behaviour. Small farmers have increasingly done away with the production of the traditional export crops and instead have shifted to the product of quick-selling crops such as vegetables and paddy. It was observed that most farmers are facing serious economic hardships. To cope with this difficult situation, they have turned to the use of easily available supply of manure, seeds and chemicals. There is also environmental degradation due to land-clearing for fuel, farming and building materials. Liberalization of agricultural marketing has also had serious repercussions. Farmers are unable to obtain credit for farm inputs. This is partly due to the marketing cooperatives' failure to compete with other buyers. Already cooperatives have lost market share for food crops to private traders/dealers. Farmers specializing in paddy production under controlled irrigation practices have better prospect than others. Their income has increased. This situation has attracted civil servants to go back for farming.1997-11-01T00:00:00ZBirds of Tanzania: A Provisional List of Bird Names in KiswahiliMLINGWA, Charles O. F.http://hdl.handle.net/2433/681542023-01-29T08:29:53Z1997-11-01T00:00:00Zタイトル: Birds of Tanzania: A Provisional List of Bird Names in Kiswahili
著者: MLINGWA, Charles O. F.
抄録: There are 1036 bird species known in Tanzania. However, not more than 150 species have Kiswahili names which distinguish them from all other bird species. In some cases, several Kiswahili names refer to single species, or a name referring to more than one species. In an attempt to fill the gap of missing Kiswahili bird names, I have used the already existing general vernacular names, which are in common usage, to assign specific names for each species. The naming I established here is based on diagnostic features of the birds with specimens originated, or the author who described the species. As a result of this work, all the species, except a few, have specific Kiswahili names. By having Kiswahili names for all the birds of Tanzania, there would be easy of communication between bird experts and local communities with regard to bird-habitat conservation, and will enhance public awareness of birds. The work will also contribute to facilitating the usage of Kiswahili even in institutions of higher learning.1997-11-01T00:00:00Z