DSpace コレクション: 1999-06
http://hdl.handle.net/2433/154698
1999-062024-03-29T04:40:08Z明代の廷試合格者と初任官ポスト : 「同年齒録」とその統計的利用
http://hdl.handle.net/2433/155245
タイトル: 明代の廷試合格者と初任官ポスト : 「同年齒録」とその統計的利用
著者: 大野, 晃嗣
抄録: The author presents a complex picture of the successful candidates of the final palace examination particularly the connection between their ages of passing the examination and initial appointments under the civil service examination system of the Ming Dynasty. Recent studies, in his view, failed to deal with this aspect of the examination system properly due to the bias in the historical materials concerned. Hence, this article tries to reinforce our understanding of this aspect through statistical analysis based on several Tong-nian-shi-lu (Lists of successful candidates by order of seniority in age). It can be summarized as follows: 1. The Ming Jin-shi 進士's average graduate age was about 31. 2. Most of the Jin-shi graduates 進士及第者' initial appointments were district magistrate 知縣, secretary of the six ministries 六部主事, judge of prefecture 推官, messenger of the messenger office 行人司行人. 3. The Jin-shi graduates preferred to receive the third-class honours 三甲 and be appointed as judge of prefecture or district magistrate rather than receive the second-class honours 二甲 and be appointed as secretary of the six ministries.1999-06-30T00:00:00Z思想構造としての元曲
http://hdl.handle.net/2433/155244
タイトル: 思想構造としての元曲
著者: 赤城, 隆治
抄録: Similar to today's musical drama, the Yuan opera are scenarios for plays, composed of songs and words. These works were played in town theatres in the Yuan China. Many of the works had well-designed stories and were popular in spite of their simplifies. Themes of the works are mainly stories of judgement especially on murder and inheritance dispute. In other works, we find stories of revenge upon powerful villain for the unfortunate innocent or victim deceived. Most of the works had ending that fair judgement was made by an executive officer finally. He was a hero who was endowed with ultimate authority by the emperor. This kind of conclusion pleased the audience because the officer solved all the troubles, save the innocent criminal, and finally declared the triumph of social justice on stage. The audience did not deny the ruling power and wished to get a position in the bureaucratic hierarchy, though they hated the people who violated justice. In these most favoured entertainments, we can find as much politic-cultural value as artistic accomplishment. The writers of scenario belonged to semi-intellectual class, and some of them even performed on stage themselves. Sometimes their names were unknown. However, they knew the social problem in that time and were able to understand the system of bureaucracy to a certain extent. These drama works had wonderful artistic form to express their thought.1999-06-30T00:00:00Z元代大都の敕建寺院をめぐって
http://hdl.handle.net/2433/155243
タイトル: 元代大都の敕建寺院をめぐって
著者: 中村, 淳
抄録: Buddhist temples were successively built in the capital, Dadu by the Yuan Emperors. Some of these temples had Shenyudian 神御殿, in which the portraits of the builders, the Emperors and Empresses, were placed. All such temples had probably large structures in Tibetan Buddhistic style. In these temples which were built by Imperial edict, the Royal family who had not ascended the throne were enshrined. On the other hand, there were the Emperors who had not been enshrined. These facts are nothing but reflection of political strifes unrolled in successive reigns. We pay our attention to whether there is a character "聖" (sheng), in the posthumous title of those who were enshrined in the Imperial Ancestral Temple 太廟. The differences in the Temple are entirely in accord with those perceived in the case of Shenyudian. Moreover, in those temples and the Imperial Ancestral Temple, Buddhist service with the major role of the Tibetan monks were frequently seen. It is not hard for us to imagine that Dadu was filled with peculiar atmosphere of Tibetan Buddhism.1999-06-30T00:00:00Z淸末民國と鹽税
http://hdl.handle.net/2433/155242
タイトル: 淸末民國と鹽税
著者: 岡本, 隆司
抄録: Under the Qing fiscal system, numerous local offices were in charge of the actual collection and disposal of the revenues, which each of the provincial authorities controlled within their jurisdiction to sustain armies and preserve order. The central government audited the revenue and expenditure throughout the empire and directed the provincial authorities to balance them. This function of the central government disappeared in the Revolution of 19n and the revenues collected in a province were practically placed at the disposal of the provincial government. Under these circumstances, in search for a powerful central government, the foreign powers and the Beijing government agreed to establish the foreign inspectorate of salt revenues to secure the Reorganization Loan. The centralization of the salt revenues which the inspectorate achieved enabled the Beijing government to have direct control over their collection and disposal. In this respect, there was little difference of the Beijing government in nature from the provincial ones. From 1917 on, due to Yuan Shi-kai's unsuccessful monarchical movement and the decrease of China's foreign obligations, provincial warlords often retained or appropriated the salt revenue surplus which the Beijing government should have obtained according to the Loan Agreement. In the contest for the salt revenue between the governments of the same nature, the Beijing and the provincial, the balance of advantage was lying with the latters. This situation led to the rise of the Nationalist government and the change of Great Britain's policy in China.1999-06-30T00:00:00Z