DSpace コレクション: 2018
http://hdl.handle.net/2433/230144
2018 2024-03-19T03:40:16ZEconomic Impact of the Dagaa Processing Industry on a Coastal Village in Zanzibar, Tanzania
http://hdl.handle.net/2433/230168
タイトル: Economic Impact of the Dagaa Processing Industry on a Coastal Village in Zanzibar, Tanzania
著者: FUJIMOTO, Mariko
抄録: This study examined the structure and development of the dagaa processing industry and the resultant income generation in a coastal village in Zanzibar, Tanzania. Dagaa are several species of small, pelagic fish, primarily in family Engraulidae. This new industry has developed in the past decade in response to the demands for fish products in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, which is the destination for most of the dried dagaa products produced in Tanzania. Here, I examine the process of producing dried dagaa products and the wage systems used in the industry. Then, I examine the economic impacts of the dagaa processing industry in the study area, where approximately 50% of the adult population obtain cashearning opportunities from the dagaa processing industry and the income they receive is sufficient to cover average household expenditure. Finally, I examine the secondary effects conferred by the dagaa processing industry such as increased financial stability and food security.2018-03-01T00:00:00ZIntra- and Inter-Sectorial Competition for Water Resources around Mwanga Town in Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania
http://hdl.handle.net/2433/230166
タイトル: Intra- and Inter-Sectorial Competition for Water Resources around Mwanga Town in Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania
著者: IKENO, Jun
抄録: Economic development in Tanzania since the 2000s has revitalized local economies, especially those of small towns and their suburbs. Under such socio-economic transformation, development activities have come to compete with each other. Here, I examine the competition for water resources in and near a small town in northeastern Tanzania since the 2000s. The cases of such competition I present here, which I have collected through my fieldwork, are classified into three categories: competition within the agricultural sector, competition within the public service sector, and competition between the different sectors. Although official development projects and local initiatives are conducted with good intentions, conflict between stakeholders has arisen due to the relative scarcity of water resources. The conflicts and quarrels discussed here are currently not serious, but before a serious conflict does arise, a grand design for the water use and a mediation system to settle problems should be established.2018-03-01T00:00:00ZQuality of Groundwater from Open-Wells in Rural and Peri-Urban Areas of Unguja Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania
http://hdl.handle.net/2433/230167
タイトル: Quality of Groundwater from Open-Wells in Rural and Peri-Urban Areas of Unguja Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania
著者: SHEIKH, Mohammed Ali; ALI, Ali Habib; KHAMIS, Aflah Abeid; RASHIDI, Rashidi Juma; ALI, Hassan Rashid; IKENO, Jun; TANAKA, Ueru
抄録: Water quality is one among the most important environmental issues these decades. Heavy metals receive a particular concern among the wide diversity of chemicals causing environmental degradation including groundwater. Nitrate, as well, is an indicator of human-induced groundwater contamination. This study investigated the levels of toxic heavy metals such as Cd, Cu, Pb, Co and Cr, and nitrate (NO3 –) contained in the water from 116 openwells in rural and peri-urban areas of Unguja Island, Zanzibar. The average values of the heavy metals were as follows: 1.359 ± 3.419 μg L–1 for Cr; 0.052 ± 0.109 μg L–1 for Co; 0.238 ± 0.533 μg L–1 for Cu, 0.001 ± 0.004 μg L–1 for Cd; and 0.003 ± 0.026 μg L–1 for Pb. Referring to Water quality standard in Japan (MHLW), Water quality guideline by WHO and Quality of Drinking Water Supplies (EWURA), the results suggest no serious acute problem of heavy metal contamination so far. The average value of the nitrate (NO3 –) was 36.1 ± 58.85 mg L–1. The nitrate contamination, some of which exceeded the values of permissible standards for safe drinking waters by MHLW and WHO, however, should not be underestimated.2018-03-01T00:00:00ZProduction and Marketing of Orange in Two Villages in Muheza District, Tanzania
http://hdl.handle.net/2433/230165
タイトル: Production and Marketing of Orange in Two Villages in Muheza District, Tanzania
著者: MHANDO, David Gongwe; IKENO, Jun
抄録: This study examines the current situation and challenges in orange production and marketing in Muheza District, Tanga Region, Tanzania. Tanga Region is a major orange production area in Tanzania, and it is estimated that more than 80% of all oranges in Tanga Region are produced in Muheza District. Utilizing field data collected in Mkuzi and Mindu villages in Muheza District, this paper explores the current situation of orange production and marketing. Orange production makes a substantial contribution to the district’s economy; 80% of the district council revenue is derived from taxes on orange production and about 75% of household income in 2011 was estimated to be delivered from oranges. Although orange production is extremely important in this district, the real situation regarding production and marketing has not been closely investigated. In this paper, I discuss the present situation regarding orange production and marketing and present an empirical study conducted in two representative villages in Muheza District. It is argued that the marketing chain controls orange production in the two villages because participants higher up the chain can directly control the production process through their interactions with producers. However, at the end, the traders who have control of the orange farms, and the producers are often relegated to mere watchmen of their own plots. To address this issue, an integrated approach is recommended where dependence on orange cultivation is reduced by diversifying into other sources of income, such as planting fast-growing timber trees along the boundaries of farms, to supplement producers’ income from orange.2018-03-01T00:00:00Z