韓国へのベトナム人移住労働 : 政策, 社会資本, 仲介業および連鎖移住

Abstract

This study investigates the sustaining background of Vietnamese labor migration to Korea based on the interpretation of political and social contexts found in Vietnam. It also focuses on national policies, the social capital of locality, chain-migration process, and the roles of agencies as key factors in Vietnam's transnational labor migration. International labor migration is one of the most important parts of the state's projects for socio-economic development of Vietnam, which has been extensively shaped, directed, and promoted by government policies since the 1980s. However, international migration is a kind of family and community business arbitrarily operating at a local level. Labor recruiting activities have been maintained in the context where local actors have been afforded significant capacity to mediate and manipulate the framework of policies and agreements created by governments. Even since the Korean Language Proficiency Test became the sole official qualifying procedure for labor migration under the Employment Permit System of Korea, private recruiting businesses have still been operating by relying on the support of networks of locality to smoothly negotiate the processes of gaining certificates. In attempting to gain this support, the building and cultivation of social ties with local state officials has constituted an important mechanism. In addition, “chain migration” has raised the possibility of successful migration to and settlement in Korea.