明代における朝鮮人の遼東移住

Abstract

Liao Dong was once a multiracial area during the Ming dynasty. One of the minority peoples were the Koreans who had lived there since the Yuan dynasty. The Goryeo dynasty on the Korean peninsula was replaced by the Choson dynasty, which created a stable tributary relationship with the Ming regime. But the phenomenon of emigration to Liao Dong continued. This article examines historical events related to Korean emigration as recorded in the Annals of the Choson Dynasty and orders them chronologically. It first analyzes the emigration and repatriation of the residents of the two countries involved in the tributary relationship, and then concludes that the flow of emigrants between Ming and Goryeo dynasty was usually bi-directional. After the tributary relationship had been established, especially after Emperor Yongle secured the empire in the Jingnan campaign, the rule of the Ming stabilized, there began a steady stream of Korean immigrants from Liao Dong back to Korea, creating the phenomenon of the flow of emigration from Korea to Liao Dong. Previous research, such as that by Yoshihiro Kawachi has proved the historical reality of the Korean emigration to Liao Dong during the Ming dynasty. However, the historical facts cited in such research mostly focus on what occurred during the era of King Seongjon of Choson. This article, instead, questions the implications of that research and clarifies that the upsurge of Korean emigration to Liao Dong was during the second half of the reign of Sejong the Great of Choson (1433-1450). The last part of the article focuses on the topic of Korean emigration to Liao Dong during the campaigns against Japanese invasion of Korea and the topic of immigrant repatriation, which have not previously been addressed. I use the Choson Yonhaengnok (Korean Envoys' Accounts of Missions to Beijing) and the information about the Korean dynasty as evidence to prove that the repatriation after the campaigns against Japanese invasion was not a drastically enforced and many Korean immigrants remained in Liao Dong. This research and dialectic of the topics form the basic foundation for analyzing the meaning of the frontier and the diplomatic relationship between China and Korea. It can be seen from this article that it is necessary to reevaluate the special status of the Liao Dong area in the history of the foreign relationship between China and Korea. In addition this kind of research focusing on history of the emigration between two countries in a tributary relationship, especially on the migration from the tributary to a the suzerain, provides a new point of view from whcih to understand the tributary relationship itself.