蠕蠕の寄多羅月氏領バルク地方侵入について

Abstract

The articles on Greater-yueh-shih (大月氏) State, and Lesser yueh-shih (小月氏) State in Hsi-yu-chuan (西域傳), Wei-shu (魏書) are thought to be reliable as the historical sources, comparing with the corresponding parts in T'ung-tien (通典) and T'ai-p'ing-huan-yu-chi (太平寰宇記) which are considered to have survived from the original edition written by Wei-shou (魏收). According to these records on Ta-yueh-shih State, Chi-to-lo (寄多羅), the King of the state, moved the capital westward from Lu-chien-shih (盧監氏) Castle to Po-lo (薄羅) Castle on account of the Juan-juan's invasion. "Chi-to-lo" and "Lu-chien-shih" Castle can be identified. the one with "Kidara", a term which is found in the Greek sources and in a series of Kusan coins; and the other with "Balkh". The author agrees with J. Marquart's opinion that Po-lo Castle was situated at Balkan, in the southeast corner of the Caspian sea. The article on Hsiao-yueh-shih State in Wei-shu, the current edition, states that Chi-to-lo's migration to the west was caused by the invasion of the "Hsung-nu" (匈奴). But the author supposes that Wei-shou himself must have written "Juan-juan", not "Hsung-nu" in his original edition, judging from the fact that the word "Juan-juan" occurs in the corresponding position both in the texts of the T'ung-tien and T'ai-p'ing-huan-yu-chi. Moreover the Juan-juan's invasion of Ta-yueh-shih State can be dated about 437 A.D. when the Juan-juan extended their power in the west, as far as the Ephtalite. Marquart says in his article that the Hsiao-yueh-shih State was founded by Kunghas, the son of Kidara, about 468 A.D. when he was defeated by the Persians. But in the opinion of the author, it was founded by Kidara to whom another son, not Kunghas, succeeded after Kidara was driven out of the Lu-chien-shih Castle.