朝鮮中宗二〇年代の對明外交交渉--『嘉靖會典』編纂の情報收集をめぐって (特集 東アジア史の中での韓國・朝鮮史)

Abstract

This article focuses chiefly on the development and continuation of the issue of clarifying the royal lineage 宋系辯誣 that occurred in the third decade of the reign of Chungjong by tracing the records in the annals of Joseon and Ming dynasties from the standpoint of collection of information in the compiling of the Jiajing Huidian 嘉靖會典. Yi Bong 李芃, the Chinwisa 陳慰使 envoy, learned of the editing process of the Jiajing Huidan while in Beijing in the fourth month of the 24th year of the reign of Chungjong (Jiajing 8 or 1529). Yi Bong conveyed this information to the Songjolsa 聖節使 envoy Yu Bu 柳溥 at Uiju 義州 near the border between China and Joseon. The Joseon government, which continually received reports from embassies to Ming, had previously in the 13th year of Chungjong's reign received a copy of the documents, which had been prepared by the Chuchongsa 奏請使 envoy Nam Gon 南袞 that had been sent by Bu Yu who was waiting at Uiju. The diplomatic negotiations of Yu Bu are detailed in the Ming shilu 明實録 and the results and evaluation should be compared with the reports of Nam Gon. However, according to the report of the Chongjosa envoy Pak Kwang-yong 朴光榮, who returned to Joseon in the third month of the reign of Chungjong, there had been no revision of the lineage of the progenitor Taejo 太祖 Yi Song-ge 李成桂 in the Huidian and that it recorded the protocol of the envoys from the Joseon side and the corresponding edicts of the Ming emperors. One sees from this evidence that the narrative form used in the later and still extant Wanli huidan 萬暦會典 and the policy that determined it had been set fifty years earlier, i.e. in the 25th year of the Chungjong reign. Thereafter, the Joseon government did not dispatch another Chuchongsa envoy, but the regularly dispatched embassies to the Ming explored the state of progress of the compilation of the Huidian. This was a switch in the diplomatic strategy. As a result, it was the Chongjolsa envoy O Se-han 呉世翰 who received news of the completion of the printing of the Huidian from the Ministry of Rites in the fourth month of the 26th year of the Chungjong reign. The Joseon government had previously provided not only funds for the purchase but bribes as well. The reports of Joseon embassies on their return noted continual delays due to clerical difficulties in the office charged with the printing, but the Songjolsa envoy Nam Hyo-ui 南孝義 was able to view a portion of the Huidian due to the goodwill of preface staff in the 10th month of the 28th year of the reign of Chungjong. It is certain that it was the preface staff that cooperated with the Joseon embassy, but in addition there is a list of bribes used by Nam Hyo-ui to collect information, and he also returned with letters from officials of the Grand Secretariat demanding gifts. This can be seen as an example of the bribery-plagued government of the Jiajing era of the Ming dynasty. Thereafter, the Joseon government persistently strove to influence the revision of the royal lineage through unofficial negotiations and gifts of bribes to officials of the Ming government.