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タイトル: | Chimpanzees' flexible targeted helping based on an understanding of conspecifics' goals. |
著者: | Yamamoto, Shinya https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7556-6151 (unconfirmed) Humle, Tatyana Tanaka, Masayuki |
著者名の別形: | 山本, 真也 田中, 正之 |
キーワード: | targeted helping theory of mind understanding other’s goal chimpanzee altruism prosociality |
発行日: | 6-Feb-2012 |
出版者: | National Academy of Sciences |
誌名: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
巻: | 109 |
号: | 9 |
開始ページ: | 3588 |
終了ページ: | 3592 |
抄録: | Humans extensively help others altruistically, which plays an important role in maintaining cooperative societies. Although some nonhuman animals are also capable of helping others altruistically, humans are considered unique in our voluntary helping and our variety of helping behaviors. Many still believe that this is because only humans can understand others' goals due to our unique "theory of mind" abilities, especially shared intentionality. However, we know little of the cognitive mechanisms underlying helping in nonhuman animals, especially if and how they understand others' goals. The present study provides the empirical evidence for flexible targeted helping depending on conspecifics' needs in chimpanzees. The subjects of this study selected an appropriate tool from a random set of seven objects to transfer to a conspecific partner confronted with differing tool-use situations, indicating that they understood what their partner needed. This targeted helping, (i.e., selecting the appropriate tool to transfer), was observed only when the helpers could visually assess their partner's situation. If visual access was obstructed, the chimpanzees still tried to help their partner upon request, but failed to select and donate the appropriate tool needed by their partner. These results suggest that the limitation in chimpanzees' voluntary helping is not necessarily due to failure in understanding others' goals. Chimpanzees can understand conspecifics' goals and demonstrate cognitively advanced targeted helping as long as they are able to visually evaluate their conspecifics' predicament. However, they will seldom help others without direct request for help. |
記述: | 相手の状況に合わせたチンパンジーの手助け行動. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2012-02-07. |
著作権等: | ©2012 by the National Academy of Sciences この論文は著者最終稿です。内容が印刷版と異なることがありますので、引用の際には出版社版をご確認ご利用ください。This is the Accepted Author Manuscript. Please cite only the published version. |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/2433/153019 |
DOI(出版社版): | 10.1073/pnas.1108517109 |
PubMed ID: | 22315399 |
関連リンク: | https://www.kyoto-u.ac.jp/static/ja/news_data/h/h1/news6/2011/120207_3.htm http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2012/01/30/1108517109 |
出現コレクション: | 学術雑誌掲載論文等 |
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