于成龍の保甲法について

Abstract

This is a study of the bao-jia system of the early Qing 清. Immediately after the conquest, the Qing instituted a system called zong-jia 總甲 which was in fact a bao-jia arrangement. But as Matsumoto Yoshimi 松本善海 demonstrated some years ago, the scope of this zong-jia law was quite narrow to begin with, and it quickly transformed itself into an institution primarily concerned with rounding up Chinese slaves who absconded from the Banner-lands. Thus it is clear that the bao-jia law put into effect by Yu Cheng-long in Zhi-li 直隷 was the real foundation of the Qing bao-jia system. Here Matsumoto's argument is revised and expanded, and the author makes the points that the prototype for Yu Cheng-long's bao-jia law was a system he introduced in Ma-cheng 麻城 county, Huang-zhou 黃州, Hubei 湖北, that this local pao-jia system was designed to help suppress the "Dong-shan 東山 rebellion" which was an offshoot of Wu San-gui's 吳三桂 rebellion, and that it was this experience which led Yu Cheng-long to promulgate, under the rubric of "Covenant for Tranquilizing the People and Suppressing Bandits"(安民彌盜條約), his bao-jia law later on when he was in authority in Zhi-li.