黨錮と學問 : とくに何休の場合

Abstract

Soon after the ch'ing-liu 清流 movement arose in various areas of China in the middle of the 2nd century A.D., Imperial University students in Loyang 洛陽 called out in the hope that scholarship would radically improve. Their expectations reveal the scholarly stagnation at the Imperial University at that time. The ch'ing-liu movement was frustrated on two occasions by repression, and it dissolved at the Imperial University where it had had strong connections. And yet, scholarship did improve to a level commensurate with those hopes. We have testimony to this in both the fact that in various local areas private academies flourished far beyond their earlier performances and that numerous writings were left by ch'ing-liu scholars and partisans. Ho Hsiu (A.D. 129-182) was one of those partisans. The method he employed in his work Ch'un-ch'iu kung-yang chihng-chuan chieh-ku 春秋公羊經傳解詁 was to go back to the older tradition of Hu-wu Tzu-tu 胡毋子都and Tung Chung-shu 董仲舒 and in addition to the Kung-yang Commentary get a firm grip on the principles of the classics and commentaries, especially the Tso-chuan 左傅. This was in opposition to the scholarly methodology known as chia-fa 家法 or shih-fa 師法 which was predominant at the Imperial University. Thus although written in the form of a commentary on the classics, the Kung-yang chieh-ku reflects the views of ch'ing-liu scholars to a remarkable extent.