木華黎王國下の探馬赤軍について

Abstract

The Tamachi army was a military force active outside of Mongolia in such places as China and Iran from the time of Chinggis Khan. However, there remain unclear aspects of its actual state of affairs, and thus far many Japanese, Chinese, and European scholars have but established various definitions. For example there are theories that the Tamachi army was an advance force, that it was a defense force, and that it was a tribal force formed among the noble Mongol tribes of the Jalair and the Manggut. I have analyzed this army by going back to its origins under the rule of the kingdom of Mukhali at which point the Tamachi army appears earliest in the historical documents. Thus, before Chinggis Khan built his state, he carried out a full-fledged war and decimated the Tatar and Kereit peoples ； their infant children who survived we were allocated as subjegated peoples to the noble Jalair and Manggut tribes. When China was under Mukhali's control, he collected together these subjegated peoples, and the army which he organized with each of the old tribes prior to their dissolution was this Tamachi army ； and the tamuɣa or seal of their lord was stamped on each soldier. They bore the heaviest burdens in their role as advance or defensive forces, but as the Mongol armies proceeded with conquering and subjegating, their duties as landlords increased as well. This will be made clear.