秦漢時代の讁戌と讁民について

Abstract

In the Ch'in and Han eras men were forceably transported for border defense and border land reclamation. They were called che-min and usually were charged with severe tasks exceeding the ordinary annual military duties of commoners. Conscription of che-min was limited under Ch'in Shih-huang 秦始皇 and Han Wu-ti 漢武帝. Under Ch'in Shih-huang, the principal objective of che-min conscription (che-shu) was the maintenance of the. chun-hsien 郡縣 system which had been set up in the border regions. Those who were classified as che-min had failings on their record and were prohibited from holding public office. With the fall of the Ch'in, che-min was stopped for a time, but was revived with Han Wu-ti's second campaign against the state of Ta-wan 大宛. The che-min at this time were called ch'i-k'e-che 七科讁 and were characterized by the new addition of refugees into their ranks. The reason that refugees came to be placed among them was because of the rise of large-scale migrations due to natural disasters. The social position of people stigmatized at che-min was unstable but this opens up the major problem of how to understand the systems for liang-min 良民 and chien-min 賤民 in ancient China.