國民政府成立期の海關行政と日・英

Abstract

The administrative ideals concerning maritime custom matters in early modern China indicate in condensed form the political circumstances, both internal and external, of that period. Despite the successive changes in the Inspector General of Customs during the years 1927-1929, from F.A. Aglen, to A.H.F. Edwardes, and finally to F.W. Maze, this remains true without exception. The foreign powers' system of giving precedence to an insured fund of money for the sake of the return of responsibilities for maritime administration became, under heightening Chinese nationalism, a thing of the past, and in its stead, the feeling arose on the Chinese side that a Chinese maritime custom administration which respects Chinese sovereignty in politics and economics must be advanced. F.A. Aglen and A.H.F. Edwardes, who failed to appreciate this, resigned from their position. This led to F. W. Maze, who well discerned the trends of his day, becoming the Inspector General of Customs. Thus arose the Nationalist Government, which, as the political force claiming to be able to effect these changes in maritime customs administration, replaced the Peking Government. Thus the major powers, beginning with Japan and Britain, who were out of step due to disparities in the benefits that they derived from the old system of customs, were forced to accept the changes in maritime customs administration in China.