十一世紀のハラブにおけるカルアとマディーナ

Abstract

In the 11th century the function of the qal'a of Halab (Aleppo) changed from that of a purely military installation to a residence of rulers. A Hamdanid ghulam Masur, who ruled Halab at the beginning of that century, had his palace within the madina and garrisoned the qal'a. However, most Mirdasid rulers (1025-80) used the qal'a as their residence. The main reason for this change was a transformation of the situation within the madina. During the period of Mansur the citizens of Salab had no military force with which they could have resisted their ruler. In the Mirdasid era, however, the ahdath, a kind of urban militia, gained a measure of control over rulers within the madina. The ahdath of Halab armed themselves and consisted of not only citizens but also Hamdanid ghulam soldiers, and their leader Salim was at one time a high ranking officer under Mansur. They were fairly autonomous and they maintained the public peace within the madina. The Mirdasids then chose the qal'a as their residence. Their successors, the 'Uqaylids, the Saljuqids, the Zangids and the Ayyubids, also used it as their palace.