淸末民國期の雲南における交易圏と輸送網 : 馬帮のはたした役割について

Abstract

It is thought that the trading areas in Yunnan consisted of chains of some inter-regional trades. As a unique geographic feature there, mountains are dotted with many basins called bazi 壩子. Along the lines linking such bazis, several trade routes were opened. Of these are such main routes as Burmese, Hongha 紅河, Sichuan, Tibetan, Kengtung, and Guangxi ones, which had developed towns well. Centering around these towns, traffic in commodities was engaged in between regions, and thus several trading areas were formed. It was transportation guild called mabang that carried goods among these trading areas. Mabangs in various parts of Yunnan had their own networks and spheres of transportation, which were based on the trade routes extending to the outside of the country and the province. In 1880's English and French economic invasion started, and Mengzi customhouse 蒙自關 was established in 1889. Foreign goods, mainly cotton manufactures began to flow in, and natural resources in Yunnan, chiefly tin, to flow out. There had been no modern transportation system yet in this province because of its traffic inconvenience. Mabangs therefore became more necessary, and the volume of their transportation also increased. The height of mabangs was in 1911 or 1932. In Yunnan during modern time, mabangs had played an important role not only on transportation between towns but also on that of international trade.