士大夫のノルムの形成-南宋時代

Abstract

Many manuals and catalogues were written and published in the Southern Song dynasty. In order to attain success in the examinations, a scholar had to know how to read the canons and famous writings of the era, as well as how to compose prose and poetry that would attract the attention of the examiners. To be considered a Shidafu, a man had to be skilled at the production of many styles of composition. Moreover, potential Shidafu were to practice a respected hobby, and were supposed to be able to discern the genuine from the spurious. However, examples of" genuine Shidafu" are rarely to be seen. Candidates for membership in the class of Shidafu needed to know a "norm" for qualification, and even during the Southern Song, the "norm" developed in the shaping. The many manuals and catalogues produced met the demands of this age. Zhu-zi's school was opposed to study solely in order to attain success in the examinations, and instead advanced techniques for reading books and self-cultivation. Zhu-zi, however, met the demand of this era in his style. As a result, his texts were enthusiastically sought, and the reading and usage of these texts went beyond his control. Both the speed of production and the pace of consumption of the manuals that presented the norms and techniques are characteristic of the Southern Song era.