淸代經世官僚陶澍の行政と思想

Abstract

This article is mainly to study the administration under Tao Shu who was a pioneer of the Han bureaucrats of the statecraft school in the late Qing period, and his thought. While Tao Shu was appointed as an administrative officer in the years from Jiaqing 嘉慶 to Daoguang 道光, the Qing Dynasty was facing internal and external crises: the Rebellion of the White Lotus Society 白蓮教 inside and the problem of opium smuggling by the British outside. Worse still, at that time the bureaucratic government was filled with bribery and hence became corrupt. The harmful effects of the finances for agricultural administration, grain transport, flood prevention work of the Yellow River and management of salt, were also getting noticeable. Confronted with these problems, Tao Shu determined to tackle the internal and external crises while carrying out the purge of the bureaucratic administration and the reconstruction of the finances. The first chapter of this article is concerned with the childhood of Tao Shu and the first half of his life. The second chapter examines his academic achievement and thought of statecraft. The third chapter discusses the relationship between his administration and the statecraft scholars. It is subdivided into three sections: 1. the schemes for organizing the bureaucratic administration and appointment by Tao Shu; 2. the relation of the statecraft policies of Bao Shi-chen 包世臣 and Wei Yuan 魏源 to the administration under Tao Shu; 3. the reform of salt administration by Tao Shu and his currency policy. The striking feature of this article is its explication of Tao Shu's administration and thought as a whole, especially the relationship between him and Bao Shi-chen and Wei Yuan, the two statecraft scholars who had significant influences on his administration, as well as Lin Ze-xu 林則徐 who took charge of the government of Jiangnan 江南 with him.