11―13世紀ハラブのカーディーと支配者

Abstract

The judicial organization of the Abbasid empire was going towards decentralization as the empire was falling into decline. From the middle of the eleventh century onwards, posts of the qadi (judge) of Aleppo were almost monopolized and inherited by the Abu Jaradas, one of the prominent indigenous families. Through the Zangid period the judicial system was being kept under control of the government again. Nur al-din delegated the qadiship to the Sahrazuris who were foreign to the inhabitants but closely related with the Zangids instead of indigenous families. As Nur al-din also aimed at re-centralizing the judicial organization, the qadiship of Aleppo became a deputy of qadi al-qudat (chief judge) at Damascus. After the reign of Sarah al-din, the judicial organization was decentralized again. The government's control over the judicial system, however, was not weakened under the Ayyubid rule, and the close relations between qadis and rulers still continued. After the death of qadi Ibn Saddad who had been one of the close attendants of Salah al-din, Kamal al-din of the 'Ajamis, an influential indigenous family, claimed the qadiship. But the government refused his claim and chose qadis from the 'Ulwans who rose newly in favour of the relations with Ibn Saddad through marriage and adoption. The Zangid and Ayyubid rulers allowed certain families to monopolize and inherit the qadiship, though they chose the families they favoured carefully.