マムルーク朝時代15世紀末の一史書の成立過程について : ‘Add al-Bsāit al-hanafi のイスラム暦848年/西暦1444年4月20日から1445年4月8日の叙述の檢討を通じて

Abstract

Many historians appeared during the later Mamluk period and they have left us various works. However, critical evaluations of these works and a consideration of the interrelationship of the works has not been clarified to this point due in part to limitations on access to sources. In this article, I examine the process of creation of the ar-Rawd al Basim fi Hawadith al-'Umr wa-t-Tarajim (Vatican Arabo, 728, 729), a history written by 'Abd al-Basit al Hanafi (844-920 A.H./1440-1514 C.E.), as part of a study of historiography during the later Mamltik period and try to clarify his method of description and handling of historical sources by a comparison with other sources. In addition to his intention to write a continuation of existing works of other historians, 'Abd al-Basit was determined to create a more accurate history by commencing his description from the year of his own birth. He was particularly intent on continuing his master Ibn Hajar's history, Inba'al-Ghumr bi-Anba'al-'Umr, which described events up to the year 850. By comparing two versions of the corrected edition of the Inba' with the contents of a manuscript of the Inba' preserved in the Topkapi Library (III Ahmet 2941/1 and 2941/2), it can be demonstrated that there are portions found in this manuscript that do not appear in two edited versions. Thus it has become clear that this was the very manuscript of the Inba' used by 'Abd al-Basit and the signature 'Abd al-Basit written in the margins is that of the historian himself. Finally, in addition to examining the marginalia in this manuscript, which may be called "drafts" of the ar-Rawd, by using the year 848 A.H., which is the sole year in Vatican Arabo, 728 that contains complete sections of both the chronicle of the year and biographies, I have sought to explore the process of the formation of 'Abd al-Basit's description through its culmination in the description in the ar-Rawd, I have also employed the Nayl al-Amal, which might be termed a summary version of his history, and the Majma 'al-Mufannan, his directory of names, in order to supplement the many lost portions of the ar-Rawd. In addition to copying the related portions of the histories of Ibn Taghribirdi and Al-'Ayni in the margins of this manuscript of the Inba', 'Abd al-Basit often added first-hand accounts of events which he himself had collected. At this stage, the framework of the ar-Rawd, months, day of the month, name of the day, had been established. Returning to research the accounts of Ibn Taghribirdi and Al-'Ayni, again, 'Abd al-Basit then used as-Sakhawi's history (it can be surmised that this version contained less information than the currently published at-Tibr), and added other materials and accounts that he had collected in the process of sifting information for the descriptions in the ar-Rawd. It can be said that his personal historical descriptions and detailed narrative description of events are characteristics of the work because his own times were the object of his study. Moreover, having compared the ar-Rawd to other comtemporary histories, I have been able to indicate concretely how 'Abd al-Basit's manner of description was carried on later by Ibn Iyas, a fact that has not heretofore been illustrated sufficiently.