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タイトル: | Ontogeny of a social custom in wild chimpanzees: age changes in grooming hand-clasp at Mahale |
著者: | Nakamura, Michio https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9147-1331 (unconfirmed) Nishida, Toshisada |
著者名の別形: | 中村, 美知夫 |
キーワード: | chimpanzee grooming hand-clasp social custom culture learning process |
発行日: | Feb-2013 |
出版者: | Wiley-Blackwell |
誌名: | American journal of primatology |
巻: | 75 |
号: | 2 |
開始ページ: | 186 |
終了ページ: | 196 |
抄録: | Among cultural behaviors of chimpanzees, the developmental processes of complex skills involved in tool use are relatively well known. However, few studies have examined the ontogeny of social customs that do not require complex skills. Thus, in this study, we describe the developmental process of the grooming hand-clasp (GHC), one of the well-known social customs of chimpanzees at Mahale. We have collected 383 cases of GHC where at least one of the participants was 15 years old or younger during 1994-2007. First performances of GHC with the mother were observed at around 4-6 years old; the earliest observed age was 4 years and 4 months old. The first performances of GHC with nonrelated females were at around age 9 years, and those with adult males at around 11 years. However, some orphans engaged in GHC earlier than nonorphans. By gradually expanding GHC partners from the mother to other females and then to males, chimpanzees increased the number of GHC partners with age. Young males were observed to perform GHC with larger numbers of partners than were young females. GHC by young chimpanzees was shorter in duration than that among adults. Overall, the ontogeny of GHC showed several dissimilarities with that of tool use and was more an extension of the development of typical grooming behavior. For example, infants did not try to perform GHC initially; instead, mothers were more active in the earliest stages. These results suggest that not all socially learned cultural behaviors are acquired in the way of learning tool use. There may be various ways of learning behavioral patterns that are performed continuously in a group and that consequently comprise culture in chimpanzees. |
著作権等: | © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. この論文は出版社版でありません。引用の際には出版社版をご確認ご利用ください。 This is not the published version. Please cite only the published version. |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/2433/173370 |
DOI(出版社版): | 10.1002/ajp.22098 |
PubMed ID: | 23184762 |
出現コレクション: | 学術雑誌掲載論文等 |
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