高麗時代の兼職制について

Abstract

In the Bureaucracy of the Goryeo dynasty, there were two types of governmental positions : regular and concurrent. The former had a fixed quota and rank, while that of the latter was rather flexible. An official who was appointed to a concurrent position sometimes enjoyed the preferential treatment of "standing at the head of one's original rank" in court ceremonies. He was permitted to stand at the head of his court rank, not the rank of the concurrent position, but that of the regular position he originally had (because a concurrent position had no fixed rank originally). Concurrent positions had no fixed rank, but in the list of the official positions of the Goryeo dynasty, some concurrent positions that enjoyed the preferential treatment of "standing at the head of one's original rank" are described as if they had a fixed rank and quota. The present writer has an assumption that the rank and quota described in Baekgwanji (the Treatise on Government Positions) of Goryeosa (the History of the Goryeo Dynasty) were that of the latter period, and that the concurrent positions, which enabled officials that held them to enjoy the preferential treatment of "standing at the head of one's original rank" in the former period, were changed into regular positions, so they had come to have a fixed rank and quota in the latter period of the Goryeo dynasty. The attached tables prepared by the present writer to show the conditions of these concurrent positions (which enjoyed the preferential treatment of "standing at the head of one's original rank" in the former period) will demonstrate the errors of Baekgwanji. Hence, the present writer believes that the information on the bureaucratic systems described in Baekgwanji should be carefully reexamined.