抒情的五言詩の成立について

Abstract

This thesis suggests that the lyrical poetry in the five syllable metre are originated from the elegy. However, most studies find its origin in Yue Fu Xiang He Ge (樂府相和歌), the folk songs of Han (漢) dynasty. In this thesis, I attempt to approach the lyrical poetry uniquely regardless of its close relationship with Yue Fu (樂府). Through studying the content, I try to reconstruct the formation process of the lyrical poetry in the five syllable metre. There are several remarkable characteristics in the theme of the five syllable lyrical "ancient poems" (五言古詩). These are: 1. separaration of two persons (mostly among lovers); 2. sorrow at the passing of time (often connected with death); 3. homesickness; 4. things that relate to a banquet. Among these characteristics, the theme "separation of two persons" is regarded as the most important. The unfulfilled love described in these poems shows its ritual origin as found in Shi Jing (詩經) and Chu Ci (楚辭). Similarly, the second and the third major theme of the five syllable lyrical poetry also have a close relationship with ritual ceremony. In the case of the former, the sorrow of the passing of time always concerns with the death. For the later case, the ancient Chinese believed that the deaths would treat the land of livings as their homeland. Therefore, for both cases, we can easily trace their origins to the funeral. The fourth major theme, banquet, is developed from the songs of the banquet. Some historical articles suggest that in the later half of Hou Han (後漢), elegies were performed in every banquet in Luo Yang (洛陽). Though we cannot clearly related this fact directly to the formation process of the five syllable lyrical poems, its importance cannot be easily neglected.