水郷集落における文化的景観の持続性 -伊庭における水路網の復元と水利用の変容-

Abstract

近代以前の琵琶湖や内湖沿岸の水郷集落では，集落内に張り巡らされた水路が，田舟による荷物の運搬，生活用水，農業用水等に用いられ，長きにわたり生業の風景を形成してきた．本研究は水郷の面影を残す数少ない集落の一つである伊庭（東近江市）を対象に，文書や地図資料に基づき明治・大正期の水路網構造を復元し，明治以後の水路網の変遷（埋立，暗渠化，付替えなど）ならびに住民による各時代の水利用の実態について明らかにした．その結果，集落内に網目状に広がる水路が多面的な役割を有していたこと，水路自体の役割の変化が水路構造の変容と持続に密接に関わっていたことを明らかにした．

In early-modern times, there remained a lot of water villages on the shore of Lake Biwa. In these water villages, networked waterways were used for a community water supply, irrigation and transportation, formed unique cultural landscapes. After 1940s, waterways had not been used as much as before and started to be reclaimed for roads and houses constructions. We restore the waterways structure of the old water village of Iba by using historical documents and maps, and reveal changes of ways of water use from 1870s to today by interviewing local inhabitants. We also make it clear that the networked waterways have diversified functions, and changes of their functions seriously have affected a duration and transformation of a waterways structure and the cultural landscape.