雲南省の神像呪符「甲馬子(ジャーマーツ)」に生きつづける中国祭祀版画の祈りの世界

Abstract

This thesis describes a kind of folk iconographical charm called as Jiamazi(甲馬子) of Yunnan in China. Jiamazi is used for prayer to various God, in case of many annual events and each folk religions service. This kind of prints is an important tool of the folk belief. They are burned and changed into smoke for praying to God and many evil and good spirits. It has been called as Zhima(紙馬), Shenma(神馬) and Jiama(甲馬) in other provinces, widely pervaded among various places. In some places, for example, Zhima means paper(紙) and horse(馬). This kind of prints accompanies with the names of horse. It contains important meanings, because the horse connects with between Gods and human being. Consequently, the horse symbolizes the character as media. Now, this kind of print disappeared in almost many places of China, by the extermination movement, for example, the "posijiu"(破四旧) and the "cultural revolution"(文化大革命), etc, against so called "feudalism superstition"(封建迷信) after People's Republic of China founded. Because it was considered to contain harmful thought and old custom by government. But, Jiamazi is not only still using now in Yunnan province, but also has most various contents in China. This thesis writes not only about historical origin and meaning of Chinese iconographical charm and Jiamazi charm, but also investigation report on Jiamazi, there are classified into four parts according to the purpose of use, that is, 1)praying to gods in daily life, 2)The annual events, 3)Religious service in Prayers house, 4)purification of disasters.