ホワイトカラーの熟達化を支える実践知の獲得

Abstract

ホワイトカラーの熟達化と, それを支える実践知（暗黙知）の構造, その獲得について認知心理学の知見に基づいて論じた. そして, ホワイトカラーに質問紙調査を実施し, マネジメントの暗黙知の獲得は, 管理職経験年数, 経験学習態度, 批判的思考態度, 類推, 省察, 職場内の暗黙知と形式知の知識変換が関与していることを示した. 最後に, 個人学習と組織学習の相互作用が実践知の獲得を促進し. 管理職への熟達を導くことを議論した.

The purpose of this paper is to explore a cognitive psychological approach to study expertise and the acquisition of practical intelligence or tacit knowledge by using result of several studies conducted by the author and other researchers. Surveys were conducted to find differences between middle managers and ordinary workers, potential lower managers and ordinary lower managers as rated by the personnel manager. The results indicated that managerial tacit knowledge (e.g., managing self, others, and tasks) and its acquisition involves years of managing experience, attitude to learn from experience (e.g., flexibility, challenge), critical thinking attitude, analogical reasoning by mapping from past experience to new experience, reflection of experience, and transformation between tacit and explicit knowledge in the workplace. Lastly, the paper discusses how an interaction between individual learning and organizational learning promotes acquisition of practical intelligence to develop expertise of lower and middle managers.