現地調査に基づく都心商業地区の賑わいの要因構造に関する研究

Abstract

近年, 世界の都市では, 都心商業地区における自動車の流入抑制や歩行者空間の整備など, 賑わいの創出を目指す取り組みが実施されている. しかし, この取り組みの影響や道路の空間要因と賑わいの関係は十分明らかにはされていない. 本研究は, 歩行者空間が整備されている歴史的都市の中でも, 京都とソウル, そしてフィレンツェの都心商業地区の現地調査に基づいて, 賑わいの要因構造を分析した. その結果, 本研究で定義する賑わい度は, 歩行空間に関する要素と正の関係, 駐車駐輪に関する要素と負の関係にあることを明らかにした. また, 賑わいの要因構造は, 3都市全てで, 歩行空間の状況を表す潜在変数が, 賑わい度に正の影響を, 駐車駐輪の存在を表す潜在変数に負の影響を及ぼしていることを明らかにした.

Recently, there has been some tendency to restrain the flow of automobiles and to promote pedestrian zones to encourage vibrancy at the central areas in several cities of the world. However, it is not clear which factors make vibrancy high on the street and how they are related. Therefore, we performed a field survey and gathered data about the number of pedestrians and various environmental factors in the central areas of Kyoto, Seoul and Florence and devised a Structural Equation Model for each. As a result, pedestrian vibrancy rate is positively related to environmental factors on streets which make them feel safe and comfortable

pedestrian zone, arcade and commodity store. However, it is negatively related to parking lots and parked vehicles. In the Structural Equation Model, the condition of walking space as a latent variable has a direct positive effect on vibrancy rate, common to both cities. Moreover, it has an indirect influence on the existence of parking in Kyoto. Results showed that facilities for pedestrians are essential to make a central area vibrant with people.