心理臨床におけるアタッチメント理論の「現実性」の問題－精神分析との対比から－

Abstract

This paper examines the "actuality/reality" of attachment theory in clinical psychology through the historical transition of attachment theory and the severe criticisms of attachment theory from the psychoanalysis. The results showed that the classic attachment theory made a point of "actuality"--the degree that it was based on external fact--, but modern attachment theory has made a point of "reality"--the degree that it was based on the inner world. This meant the reevaluation of Bowlby, who insisted on the importance both of "actuality" and "reality." However, "reality" for the modern attachment theory and that for psychoanalysis were not same, and there was a difference in viewpoint from which "reality" was described. It was found that in psychoanalytic psychotherapy, both "realities" were exclusive but complementary, and attachment theory, which described "reality" from the outside, helped a therapist with understanding a client's "reality" from the inside.