近代大津の「遊覧都市」建設と都市計画 --湖岸埋立と湖岸逍遙道路整備を中心に--

Abstract

本研究は，戦前の大津における都市計画街路と湖岸埋立及び遊覧施設計画の内容と策定意図，実現過程を明らかにし，これらを通じて近代大津の都市建設の理念，実現の手段と主体のはたらきを明らかにするものである．大津では明治末年以降，市会を中心に湖岸埋立・道路整備構想が数度立案され，昭和初期には琵琶湖の風致整備を基軸とした近代的「遊覧都市」の建設という理念が確立し，このもとに都市計画街路網・埋立計画や遊覧施設計画が策定された．これらの計画は名勝地の連絡による遊覧交通系統の充実と，遊覧施設や湖岸の風致の整備を意図したものであった．湖岸埋立と逍遙道路は公有地の売却益による事業収入をもとに戦前から戦後にかけて実現した．これは市，県の遊覧都市建設という理念の共有に基づいた長期にわたる協働的推進によるものであった.

This study aims to investigate the urban history and thoughts of city planning in Otsu in the 1920-30s, clarifying the concept of “Tourist City” and concrete ideas of road network and lake reclamation plan of Otsu, and its planning process. The summary and achievements of the study are as below. Otsu city and Shiga prefecture attempted to realize lake reclamation and lakeside promenade several times in the 1910-1920s. Then Otsu city held up a concept of “Tourist City” as a main aim of city planning in the latter half of the 1920s. The plan for the city of Otsu including road network and lake reclamation determined in 1932 was intended to connect tourist sites and build recreational facilities, and improve the scenic beauty of the lakeside. Lake reclamation of Otsu city was realized partially in prewar times by selling municipal reclaimed land, and the lake promenade was constructed before 1960s even though a large part of the promenade lacked its original aims. Otsu city had carried out these infrastructure construction projects by the long-term collaboration with Shiga Prefecture.