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タイトル: | Impacts of Humanized Mouse Models on the Investigation of HIV-1 Infection: Illuminating the Roles of Viral Accessory Proteins in Vivo |
著者: | Yamada, Eri Yoshikawa, Rokusuke Nakano, Yusuke Misawa, Naoko Koyanagi, Yoshio https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3007-6642 (unconfirmed) Sato, Kei |
著者名の別形: | 佐藤, 佳 |
キーワード: | HIV-1 accessory protein humanized mouse model |
発行日: | 23-Mar-2015 |
出版者: | MDPI AG |
誌名: | Viruses |
巻: | 7 |
号: | 3 |
開始ページ: | 1373 |
終了ページ: | 1390 |
抄録: | Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) encodes four accessory genes: vif, vpu, vpr, and nef. Recent investigations using in vitro cell culture systems have shed light on the roles of these HIV-1 accessory proteins, Vif, Vpr, Vpu, and Nef, in counteracting, modulating, and evading various cellular factors that are responsible for anti-HIV-1 intrinsic immunity. However, since humans are the exclusive target for HIV-1 infection, conventional animal models are incapable of mimicking the dynamics of HIV-1 infection in vivo. Moreover, the effects of HIV-1 accessory proteins on viral infection in vivo remain unclear. To elucidate the roles of HIV-1 accessory proteins in the dynamics of viral infection in vivo, humanized mouse models, in which the mice are xenotransplanted with human hematopoietic stem cells, has been utilized. This review describes the current knowledge of the roles of HIV-1 accessory proteins in viral infection, replication, and pathogenicity in vivo, which are revealed by the studies using humanized mouse models. |
著作権等: | This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215843 |
DOI(出版社版): | 10.3390/v7031373 |
PubMed ID: | 25807049 |
出現コレクション: | 学術雑誌掲載論文等 |
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