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dc.contributor.authorTomitaka, Shinichiroen
dc.contributor.authorKawasaki, Yoheien
dc.contributor.authorIde, Kazukien
dc.contributor.authorYamada, Hiroshien
dc.contributor.authorMiyake, Hirotsuguen
dc.contributor.authorFurukaw, Toshiaki A.en
dc.date.accessioned2016-07-19T06:19:27Z-
dc.date.available2016-07-19T06:19:27Z-
dc.date.issued2016-01-26-
dc.identifier.issn1932-6203-
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2433/216029-
dc.description.abstractBackground: In a previous study, we reported that the distribution of total depressive symptoms scores according to the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) in a general population is stable throughout middle adulthood and follows an exponential pattern except for at the lowest end of the symptom score. Furthermore, the individual distributions of 16 negative symptom items of the CES-D exhibit a common mathematical pattern. To confirm the reproducibility of these findings, we investigated the distribution of total depressive symptoms scores and 16 negative symptom items in a sample of Japanese employees. Methods: We analyzed 7624 employees aged 20-59 years who had participated in the Northern Japan Occupational Health Promotion Centers Collaboration Study for Mental Health. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the CES-D. The CES-D contains 20 items, each of which is scored in four grades: "rarely, " "some, " "much, " and "most of the time." The descriptive statistics and frequency curves of the distributions were then compared according to age group. Results: The distribution of total depressive symptoms scores appeared to be stable from 30-59 years. The right tail of the distribution for ages 30-59 years exhibited a linear pattern with a log-normal scale. The distributions of the 16 individual negative symptom items of the CESD exhibited a common mathematical pattern which displayed different distributions with a boundary at "some." The distributions of the 16 negative symptom items from "some" to "most" followed a linear pattern with a log-normal scale. Conclusions: The distributions of the total depressive symptoms scores and individual negative symptom items in a Japanese occupational setting show the same patterns as those observed in a general population. These results show that the specific mathematical patterns of the distributions of total depressive symptoms scores and individual negative symptom items can be reproduced in an occupational population.en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf-
dc.language.isoeng-
dc.publisherPublic Library of Scienceen
dc.rights© 2016 Tomitaka et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.en
dc.titleDistribution of total depressive symptoms scores and each depressive symptom item in a sample of Japanese employeesen
dc.typejournal article-
dc.type.niitypeJournal Article-
dc.identifier.jtitlePLoS ONEen
dc.identifier.volume11-
dc.identifier.issue1-
dc.relation.doi10.1371/journal.pone.0147577-
dc.textversionpublisher-
dc.identifier.artnume0147577-
dc.identifier.pmid26812649-
dc.relation.urlhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152645-
dcterms.accessRightsopen access-
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