Optimal Experimental Condition of IR pMAIRS Calibrated by Using an Optically Isotropic Thin Film Exhibiting the Berreman Effect

Abstract

Infrared (IR) p-polarized multiple-angle incidence resolution spectrometry (pMAIRS) is a useful spectroscopic tool for revealing the molecular anisotropic structure in a thin film, which is used for the molecular orientation analysis of many functionalized organic thin films. Infrared pMAIRS provides both in-plane (IP) and out-of-plane (OP) vibrational mode spectra, which are influenced by the choice of the angles of incidence, i.e., angle set. To obtain quantitatively reliable pMAIRS spectra, therefore, the optimal angle set must be revealed. In a former study, an optimization study was carried out on a silicon substrate by using the band intensity ratio of the IP and OP spectra of highly oriented molecules in a thin film, which has a problem that the optimized results cannot be used for another substrate. In the present study, a totally new idea using an optically isotropic thin film as a standard sample is proposed to comprehensively explore the optimal angle set on various substrates: the band shift due to the Berreman effect of a strongly absorbing compound is used, instead of the band intensity. This new approach makes the pMAIRS calibration for various substrates a much easier task. With the optimal angle set, the molecular orientation angle in the film calculated by the pMAIRS spectra is also found to be reliable quantitatively. This technique opens a user-friendly way to a reliable molecular orientation analysis in an ultrathin film using IR pMAIRS.