<論考>オスロ合意以降のエルサレム問題と聖地 --イスラエル領内におけるイスラーム運動の活性化

Abstract

In Palestine/Israel, there are numerous sacred sites related to the prophets of Abrahamic monotheism, and some of them are revered by more than one religion. Historically, at large, around these sites, people lived together and practiced their religious rituals without provoking others. However, the situation has changed as time passes and worsened particularly after 1967. This article treats al-Haram al-Sharif/Temple Mount in Jerusalem as a politically charged case of religiously intermixed sacred sites. Much of the previous literature about the Jerusalem Problem tends to fail to grasp the dynamics of Palestinian resistance; in other words, many researches focus more on the deeds of the Israeli government or the religious Zionists. To address this problem, this article focuses on the Islamic Movement inside Israel and addresses its social practices. This movement was shaped in the 1980's among the Palestinians living in Israeli proper and since the 1990's, particularly the 2000's, the movement has newly become one of the stakeholders in the Jerusalem Problem. Some researchers see its rise as the movement that filled the power vacuum in Palestinian politics in Jerusalem. However, in addition to this, the article contends that, through observing the development of disputes over sacred sites in Jerusalem, the rise of the Islamic Movement could be seen as a result of actively coping with the predicament of Palestinians, which has been aggravated by Israeli policies especially since the 1990's. This point will be supported empirically by analyzing the social practices of the Islamic Movement concerning the Jerusalem Problem.