古チベット語史料からみた10世紀前半の青海東部地域

Abstract

The gateway to the Tibetan plateau, the eastern Amdo area--more precisely, the northern and southern foothills of Laji Shan 拉脊山--was ruled by the Old Tibetan Empire until the middle of the ninth century. Chinese sources testify to the existence of various "Tibetan" groups, called Tufan 吐蕃 or Xifan 西蕃, in the eastern Amdo area, which came together to form the Qingtang kingdom 青唐王国 in the middle of the eleventh century. Although numerous studies on the Qing Tang kingdom have explored the eleventh-century history of this area, there are relatively few studies of the area during the tenth century; consequently, the full history of the eastern Amdo area remains to be elucidated. To fill this gap, this paper marshals new historical data on the area from the tenth century. The main historical data of this paper is from Pelliot tibétain 1082, a Dunhuang Tibetan document, an official letter sent from the Uighur khagan in Ganzhou to the ruler of Guiyijun 帰義軍 regime in Dunhuang, in the first half of tenth century. The analysis of Pelliot tibétain 1082 leads to note being taken of the following three points (1) In the first part of the letter, Uighur khagan reports on the state of the local powers in the eastern Amdo area. (2) The local powers that Uigur khagan mentions in the latter are relevant to the strategically important areas to the Old Tibetan Empire of the period, including the military government of Rma (Rma grom) and of Dbyar mo thang. (3) These military governments also functioned as the military foundation of Blon khong bzher 論恐熱 and Zhang bibi 尚婢婢, which had engaged in conflict with each other after the collapse of the Empire in the middle of the ninth century.