チベット語の未完了継続相の助動詞句の歴史的推移 --古チベット語から現代チベット語まで--

Abstract

This paper examines the historical transition of existential auxiliary verb phrases, such as =cing yod, =gin yod, =gi yod, and =bzhin yod, used in Tibetan texts. Although the functions of existential auxiliary verb phrases have been studied in Tibetan linguistics, their historical transition has not yet been examined. This paper provides the frequency data of each existential auxiliary verb phrase used in Old, Classical, and Modern Tibetan texts. The data suggest the following: (1) Existential auxiliary verb phrases were used in Old Tibetan texts; however, their frequency was extremely low and increased markedly in Modern Tibetan texts. (2) The verb mchis was the most frequently used existential verb; however, it disappeared in Classical Tibetan texts and was replaced by the verb yod, which was the most frequent existential verb in Modern Tibetan texts. (3) Finally, the conjunction =cing was the most frequent particle in Old Tibetan texts; however, new conjunctions, such as =gin or =gi, appeared in Classical Tibetan texts. In the 19th century texts, there was only one example wherein =bzhin was used as a conjunction (i.e., =bzhin yod) ; this eventually played a key role in the distribution of existential auxiliary verb phrases in modern Tibetan literature.