<論説>延喜庄園整理令と初期庄園

Abstract

延喜庄園整理令は、原野の大規模分割と百姓の私地集積という二つの形態をとって展開する初期庄園の整理と再編を意図してだされた法令である。この整理と再編は、庄園の新設を禁止すること(庄園の量的拡大の抑止) 、既設庄園についてはその内部の公認の庄田を除く田地とくに新規開発田を公田と認定し庄域内全田地の庄田化を禁止すること(庄園の私的大土地所有への転化の抑止) 、以上の二つの形で具体化していく。そして整理令発布以後一一世紀前半にかけて、整理令の原則に基づいた、しかも私的大土地所有化の傾向を強くはらんだ官省符庄が初期庄園の最終段階として展開していくことになる。

Engi provision of regulating manors was issued aiming at rearrangement of early manors which had been formed in two ways; one was the large-scale partition of wasteland and the other was the private accumulation of field by peasantry. Under this provision no manor could be newly established (that is, the prevention of the manorial enlargement), while the existing manors, except already authorized field, were readjusted not to be newly changed into private manors, with the fields under development recognized as Koden 公田 (i. e. dutiable ones), which means the regulation of transformation from manor into private estate. Between the enactment and the early eleventh century there developed Kanshofusho 官省符荘 (i. e. duty-free manors autholized by the government), as the last phase of early manors, which was under the regulation of the provision but at the same time apparently running its course to the private landholding.