<論説>ヌーリー家とカージャール朝初期のファールス地方

Abstract

一八世紀末、カージャール朝下のイランでファールス地方知事に赴任した王子の在任期間は三十年以上に渡ったが、その末期には政治的大事件が相次いだ。この動乱期を考察する前提として、それに先立つ時期の概況を把握する必要があるが、史料的制約が厳しく、ほぼ手付かずの状態になっている。よって本稿では王子と共に赴任したヌーリー家の動向を通して、ファールスの地域社会の描写を試みた。ヌーリー家はカージャール朝勃興期以来の功臣を輩出した家系で、知事の近衛兵集団を率いて赴任、同家の一人が知事に次ぐ地位に就くなど非常に繁栄した。その背景には知事との緊密な関係と中央で築いた信用があると考えられる。しかし彼らの地元住民掌握は脆弱であった。ファールスの中心都市シーラーズの住民は、自らと地方政庁の接点となる役職の人選にヌーリー家を介入させず、直接には地元有力者の影響下にあった。一方遊牧部族の中でカシュカーイーが台頭、その有力者はヌーリー家の地方政庁内の地位を脅かし、ついにカシュカーイーを中心とする遊牧部族は、ヌーリー家をファールスから排除するまでに勢力を伸長させた。

In latter half of the eighteenth century Aqa Mohammad established the Qajar dynasty in Iran, and his nephew Fath 'Ali Shah succeeded him after his death. The province of Fars, the southern part of Iran, had been in disorder since the struggle between the Qajar dynasty and the Zand dynasty. But at the end of the century Hosein 'Ali Mirza, Fath 'Ali Shah's son, became the governor of this province and held this post for more than thirty years. The disorder in Fars seemed to have come to an end with Hosein 'Ali Mirza's arrival. But in the last years of his rule, politically serious events occurred one after another and Fars fell into confusion again. It is necessary to study the political and social circumstances in Fars before the confusion in order to understand this new period. However, the scarcity of historical sources imposes some difficulties. It is well known that the Nuri family accompanied Hosein 'Ali Mirza, and one of its members gained considerable power in Fars. I attempt to depict the state of the local society of Fars through the activities of this family. First, I try to make the status of the family in Fars clear by analyzing its general character in the Qajar dynasty, its activities in the government of Fars, and the relationship between the center of the dynasty and the family in Fars. Second, I try view the state of the local people in Fars through incidents in which the Nuri family interacted with them. As a result the following points become clear. The Nuri family was influential because they had the confidence of the center of the dynasty and were close to Hosein 'Ali Mirza. But the population of Shiraz, the center of Fars, was not securely under the control of this family. It was a man whom the people themselves elected who assumed a position as kalantar and served as intermediary between the people of Fars and the government. The people of Fars were directly under the kalantar and other influential local persons. Meanwhile, the Qashqa'i tribe became powerful among the tribes of Fars and a member of this tribe threatened the status of the Nuri family within the government. At last this tribe gained such great power as to be able to drive away the Nuri family.