<論説>チェスター伯ヒューとアングロ=ノルマン王国

Abstract

アングロ=ノルマン王国における、ノルマン征服世代の有力貴族であったチェスター伯ヒューは、イングランドとノルマンディーを行き来し、ル=パトゥーレルがイングランドとノルマンディーの一体性を主張する根拠のひとつとしたクロス・チャネル・タイプの貴族の一人と考えられている。本稿では、当時の政治状況の変遷を背景に、彼の動向をできるかぎり再構成することによってその行動指針をとらえようと試みた。すると、イングランドとノルマンディーという地域的枠組みと同時に、ウェールズ辺境領域のチェシャーを中心とする、征服により獲得された所領と、中西部ノルマンディーにひろがっていた彼の父から継承した所領の双方の維持という、彼自身の所領により構成される地域的枠組みが、重層的にヒューの行動を規定していたことが理解されるのである。

Earl Hugh of Chester is one of the most prominent Anglo-Norman magnates. He has been considered a 'cross-Channel' baron who held large estates both in England and Normandy, and frequently traveled between these two regions. John Le Patourel insisted that these types of barons had constituted a homogeneous aristocracy of the Anglo-Norman State. This 'one homogeneous aristocratic society' has been regarded as one of the fundamental bases for Le Patourel's opinion on assimilation and unity of England arid Normandy. First, this paper hopes to reconstruct career of Earl Hugh, mainly by using the charter evidence. We will then try to locate his career within the trans- formation of the Anglo-Norman society under the first generation after the Norman Conquest. We will mainly focus on two aspects of his political behavior: his policy towards Wales and his relationship with the sons of William the Conqueror. This study reveals that the political behavior of Earl Hugh based on his motivation to keep, or to accumulate, his newly acquired estates spreading in the Welsh March area, and his family estates located in mid-western Normandy. Thus, not only the political/ regional structure of England and Normandy but also the situation of the individual magnates consisted multi-leveled regional structure, which affected their political behavior strongly and directly.