<研究ノート>戦国期祇園会に関する基礎的考察

Abstract

The Gion-e, usually known as the Gion-matsuri, of the Sengoku Period 戦国時 代 in Kyoto tends to be thought of as a festival against authority. This paper argues how the characteristic of the Gion-e changed in relation to the Muromachi Shogunate 室町幕府 and the Sanmon Enryakuji 山門延暦寺 and especially focuses on yamahoko 山鉾. Yamahoko are (dashi 山車) that were and still are pulled or shouldered during Gion-matsuri. In this paper the following points are clarified. The groups of inhabitants who bore the yamahoko gradually transformed the essence of the cho 町, a local community, within the context of the changes in the relationships with the Shogunate and Sanmon daisyu 山門大衆, i.e., the mass of priests from Enryakuji, after Ounin and Bunmei Wars 応仁・文明の乱. What accelerated the change was not the existence of authority, but was rather the relation with Sanmon daisyu, although the Sanmon daisyu sometimes delayed the start of the Gion-e. In addition, the Tenbun Hokke War 天文法華の乱, a total confrontation between Sanmon daisyu and armed adherents of Hokke Sect 法華宗, and the relationship with the Shogunate gave birth to an alternative system supporting the yamahoko.