Volume-wise destruction of the antiferromagnetic Mott insulating state through quantum tuning

Abstract

RENiO₃ (RE=rare-earth element) and V₂O₃ are archetypal Mott insulator systems. When tuned by chemical substitution (RENiO₃) or pressure (V₂O₃), they exhibit a quantum phase transition (QPT) between an antiferromagnetic Mott insulating state and a paramagnetic metallic state. Because novel physics often appears near a Mott QPT, the details of this transition, such as whether it is first or second order, are important. Here, we demonstrate through muon spin relaxation/rotation (μSR) experiments that the QPT in RENiO₃ and V₂O₃ is first order: the magnetically ordered volume fraction decreases to zero at the QPT, resulting in a broad region of intrinsic phase separation, while the ordered magnetic moment retains its full value until it is suddenly destroyed at the QPT. These findings bring to light a surprising universality of the pressure-driven Mott transition, revealing the importance of phase separation and calling for further investigation into the nature of quantum fluctuations underlying the transition.