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タイトル: パッタヤー歓楽街の形成 --冷戦期タイの都市空間と性的多様性をめぐる予備的研究--
その他のタイトル: Pattaya Entertainment District : A History of Urban Space and Sexual Diversities in Thailand during the Cold War Period
著者: 日向, 伸介  KAKEN_name
著者名の別形: Hinata, Shinsuke
キーワード: タイ
パッタヤー
冷戦期
観光
歓楽街
性的多様性
Thailand
Pattaya
Cold War Period
Tourism
Entertainment District
Sexual Diversity
発行日: 30-Jun-2020
出版者: 京都大學人文科學研究所
誌名: 人文學報
巻: 115
開始ページ: 107
終了ページ: 130
抄録: タイ中部チョンブリー県の海岸沿いに位置する特別市パッタヤーは, 世界でも有数のビーチリゾートとして知られている。本稿は, その黎明期において, ホテル・飲食店・性風俗店・エンターテイメント施設の開業に関わった人々の記録から, パッタヤー歓楽街の形成史を素描することを試みた。パッタヤーの開発は, バンコクの官僚・実業家であるパリンヤー・チャワリットタムロンによって1940年代後半に着手され, 1950年代にバンコク在住のエリート向けマリーンスポーツ地として知られるようになった。ベトナム戦争期に入るとタイ東北部に駐留していた米軍がR&R休暇のためにパッタヤーを訪れるようになり, 1960年代には米軍の保養地として宿泊施設や飲食店が増加したが, 1970年代に入ると米軍の撤退とともに観光客の多様化と大衆化が進んだ。しかし歓楽街に限ってみれば, 米軍向けの場所は基地近辺に別に存在しており, 1970年代初頭までのパッタヤーには静かなビーチの雰囲気が残されていた。その後, ビル・ジョーンズがパッタヤー初のパブBJ Barを開業し, ウィチャイ・ルートリットルアンシンがトランスジェンダーの女性によるキャバレーショーを始めたのが同じ1974年であることから, パッタヤー歓楽街の萌芽期は1970年代中頃と推測される。1980年代に入ると, 両替業で成功していたスッタム・パントゥサックが, ウィチャイの経営するキャバレーショーに投資をおこない, Tiffany's Showとして1980年に開業した。また, 後にゲイタウンBoyztownの中心人物となるマイケル・バーチャルがゲイ男性向けのゴーゴーバーCockpit Barの権利を買い取って1985年に再開業した。両者は性的マイノリティという点で共通していただけではなく, キャバレーショーを通して人的交流がおこなわれていた。劇作家のテネシー・ウィリアムズと親交のあったエディ・ウッズは, 1970年代のバンコクはゲイ男性にとって自分らしくいられる場所であり, ホテルや飲食業を営む西洋人の多くもゲイ男性であったと指摘している。バンコクの資本・人脈のもとで発展を遂げたパッタヤーの歓楽街も, 性的多様性を内包しながら形成されてきたのである。
This paper attempts to provide an historical outline of the entertainment district of Pattaya, a worldfamous resort city in the Chonburi Province of Thailand, with focuses upon individuals who played important roles in Pattaya's hotel, restaurant, sex and entertainment industries during its early periods. The development of Pattaya was initiated in the late 1940s by Parin'ya Chawaritthamrong, a Bangkokborn bureaucrat, who was also known for his real estate business activities in the Sukumvit area. In the 1950s, Pattaya started to become known as a marine sports destination for Bangkok elites - including the Thai royal family. The arrival of U.S. soldiers in 1959 led to an increase in hotel and restaurant developments. This increased Pattaya's attraction as a rest and recreation (R&R) destination through the 1960s. The presence of the U.S. military bases was the main factor that promoted the urbanization of Pattaya. However, despite this, and in contrast to other entertainment districts in Bangkok and around military bases, Pattaya retained a quiet beach atmosphere until the early 1970s. Tourist nationalities diversified during the mid-1970s in reaction to the U.S. military's withdrawal from Thailand. During this period Pattaya's origins as an entertainment district likely began and is exemplified by the opening of several notable establishments. During 1974, Bill Jones opened BJ Bar, the first pub in Pattaya, and Wichai Loetritrueangsin started a transgender women's cabaret show. In 1980, Suttham Phanthusak, a successful foreign exchange entrepreneur in Pattaya, invested in Wichai's transgender show. The show gradually developed into the internationally renowned Tiffany's Show. Meanwhile, Michael Burchall bought the Cockpit Bar, a go-go bar and restaurant for gay men, and reopened it in 1985. Other bars and restaurants were subsequently added to the same street where the Cockpit Bar was located, and around 1989, the bar owners decided to name the street Boyztown - the first gay town in Pattaya. Eddie Woods, an American writer who used to work for a newspaper in Bangkok, pointed out that Bangkok "was a gay-friendly city, at a time when most gay European and American professional people felt unable to come out of the closet at home. In Bangkok they could relax, be themselves. Openly." Pattaya's entertainment district, which continuously developed alongside Bangkok's capital and human network, also formed its urban space with gender and sexual diversity.
DOI: 10.14989/252820
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/2433/252820
出現コレクション:第115号
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