Ovary cord micromorphology in the blood-sucking haemadipsid leech Haemadipsa japonica (Hirudinida: Arhynchobdellida: Hirudiniformes)

Abstract

This is the first report that describes histological and ultrastructural details of ovary organization in haemadipsid leeches. In Haemadipsa japonica, the female reproductive system is organized similar to that of other haemadipsids. Each of the paired and oval ovaries of H. japonica is comprised of the ovary wall (ovisac), which encloses two elongated, thread-like ovarian units termed ovary cords. Ovary cords are comprised of germ-line cells and associated somatic cells. Each cord is polarized and contains germ-line cells in the consecutive developmental stages that are sequentially located along the long cord axis. There were three zones in each cord: the club-shaped apical part, the thread-like middle part, and the basal-most end, which contains degenerating germ cells. Outside of the reproductive period, the middle part of the cord in leeches is smooth, and no growing oocytes are visible; alternatively, in mature specimens, several growing oocytes protrude from the cord, and several huge vitellogenic oocytes that are completely detached from the cord occur within the ovisac. Ovary cord organization and functioning in H. japonica are very similar to the ‘Hirudo’ type cords that were found in several hirudiniform leeches. This conclusion supports the view that all hirudiniform leeches have conservative ovary cord organization and a similar pattern of oogenesis. Germ-line cyst composition, architecture, and functioning were also found to be evolutionarily conservative characteristics when compared with all previously examined Clitellata. In the germ-line cysts found in H. japonica each cell is connected to the central and anuclear cytoplasmic mass (cytophore) via one intercellular bridge, and, as oogenesis progresses, the fate of interconnected cell diversifies: some of them (oocytes) grow and complete oogenesis, but the majority become nurse cells and finally degenerate. Thus, oogenesis in H. japonica, similar to other clitellates, can be considered meroistic.