<論説>文禄四年の霊社上巻起請文をめぐって --秀吉の死を想定した政権構想--

Abstract

文禄四年（一五九五）の秀次事件に際して作成された一連の霊社上巻起請文は、この時期の政治史を扱う研究においては必ずといっていいほど取り上げられてきた。その取り上げ方は、重視するものとそうでないもの様々である。本稿では、人の居所に焦点を当て、一連の起請文についての基礎的分析を行い、これらの起請文が秀吉ではなく秀頼への忠誠を誓ったものであることを示し、そこでは、秀頼を頂点に、在京を原則として徳川家康・宇喜多秀家・前田利家・毛利輝元・小早川隆景の五人と石田三成・増田長盛らの奉行衆によって構成される新たな政治体制が構想されていたとし、さらに一連の起請文作成は、秀次の謀叛行為を前提としつつも直結するものではなく、秀吉の重篤な病が直接の契機であることを論じ、一連の起請文には、秀吉の死を想定した政権構想が提示されているとした。

Almost all scholarship dealing with the political history of the period necessarily treats the series of documents known as the “Reisha jōkan kishōmon” 霊社上巻起請文, which were composed in Bunroku 4 (1595) at the time of the Hidetsugu Incident. How they have been treated varies with some scholars viewing them as important and others seeing them as less so. In this article, I focus on the locations of people, make a basic analysis of this series of oaths, and point out that these were pledges of loyalty to Hideyori rather than to Hideyoshi. In these pledges a new political regime was conceived. The new regime with Hideyori at the summit was to be composed of five men based in the capital, Kyoto-Tokugawa Ieyasu, Ukita Hideie, Maeda Toshiie, Mōri Terumoto, and Kobayakawa Takakage, along with Commissioners (bugyōshū) that included Ishida Mitsunari and Mashita Nagamori. Moreover, I argue that the impetus was not directly linked to Hidetsuguʼs plot, and that it was instead directly inspired by the gravity of Hideyoshiʼs illness. The series of oaths indicates the new political regime had been conceived premised on Hideyoshiʼs demise.