大正期の京都三山の鋼索鉄道建設にみる眺望景観評価に基づく風致保全

Abstract

本研究は，大正期の京都三山における鉄道開発に対する眺望景観保全の実態を，[1]開発許可申請の手続き，[2]眺望景観の評価手法，[3]風致維持の方策，[4]風致保全の理念，の観点から明らかにし，以下の成果を得た．[1]許可申請においては，京都府土木課が計画段階から事前協議を行い，技師の調査や社寺課の意見に基づき風致指導を行った．[2]眺望景観の評価においては，市街地内の名勝や道路・橋梁からみた中遠景を基準とし，望見区間を明示するなどの技術的手法をとった．一方，不許可の場合には，山稜構成樹木の伐採等をその根拠とした．[3]風致維持方策としては，谷を通る経路選定，樹木による構造物の遮蔽等の指導が行われた．[4]山容・山姿の美しさだけでなく，史蹟・名勝の歴史的価値，神域・霊域の尊厳が重視され，その際には社寺課の意見が尊重された．

This study aims to clarify the actual preservation of scenic views against the development of railroads in mountains during the Taisho period from the following viewpoints: (1) procedures for applying for development permits, (2) methods for evaluating scenic views, (3) measures for maintaining scenic beauty, and (4) principles for preserving scenic beauty. With regard to the application for permission, the Civil Engineering Division of the Kyoto Prefecture conducted preliminary consultations from the planning stage, and provided guidance based on surveys by engineers and the opinions of the Shrine and Temple Division. To evaluate the viewshed, the Kyoto Prefecture used the scenic spots in the city and the middle and distant views from the roads and bridges as the standard, and took technical steps to clearly identify the viewing section. Contrarily, in the case of non-permission, the Prefecture decided not to grant permission for the construction of the railroad if it interfered with maintaining the view the skyline. The Kyoto Prefecture provided guidance on the selection of routes through the valleys and the shielding of these structures by trees as a way of maintaining scenic beauty. In addition to highlighting the beauty of the mountain's shape and its appearance, the historical value of these sites, their scenic beauty, and the dignity of sacred and spiritual areas were emphasized. The opinions of the Shrine and Temple Division were respected throughout this process.