Acute effects of ankle plantar flexor force-matching exercises on postural strategy during single leg standing in healthy adults

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Ankle plantar flexor force steadiness, assessed by measuring the fluctuation of the force around the submaximal target torque, has been associated with postural stability. RESEARCH QUESTION: To investigate whether a force-matching exercise, where submaximal steady torque is maintained at the target torque, can modulate postural strategy immediately. METHODS: Twenty-eight healthy young adults performed ankle plantar flexor force-matching exercises at target torques of 5%, 20%, and 50% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), in a randomized crossover trial. Participants with their ankle in a neutral position were instructed to maintain isometric contraction at each target torque, as measured by a dynamometer, for 20 s with 3 sets of 5 contractions. Before and after the force-matching exercises, the anterior-posterior velocities and standard deviation of the center of pressure (COP) on the stable platform and the tilt angle of the unstable platform during 20-seconds single-leg standing were measured. The velocities and standard deviations of the COP and tilt angle before and after the exercises were compared using paired t-tests. RESULTS: The tilt angle velocity of an unstable platform significantly decreased after the force-matching exercise at a target torque of 5% MVC (p = 0.029), whereas it was unchanged after the exercises at target torques of 20% and 50% MVC. The standard deviations of the tilt angle of unstable platform test did not change significantly after any exercise. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed in the COP velocities or standard deviations on the stable platform test after any exercise. SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings suggest that repeated exertion training at low-intensity contractions can affect postural stability in an unstable condition. Particularly, force-matching exercise at very low-intensity torque, such as 5% of MVC, may be an effective method to improve postural control in the unstable condition, but not in a stable condition.